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Pharmacokinetics (often abbreviated as 'PK') describes what the body does to a drug, refers to the movement of drug into, through, and out of the body—the time course of its absorption, bioavailability, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME). Efficacy and toxicity of therapies can be influenced by pharmacokinetics and diffusion of drugs in organs. Favourable drug pharmacokinetic properties of drugs are essential for treatment success, as these drugs require access to the target to elicit an effect. Drug distribution is particularly relevant in scenarios such as drug-drug interactions, optimisation of novel formulations, bioequivalence studies, pharmacogenetics, and special populations.

Toxicokinetics (often abbreviated as 'TK') is the description of what rate a chemical will enter the body and what happens to it once it is in the body. The compound concentrations at target tissue(s) are resulting of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) processes. Understanding of the ADME processes of chemical compounds is critical, and in silico and in vitro methods are emerging as relevant alternatives to animal models. Toxicokinetic parameters generated through in vitro and in silico studies can also provide quantification on the potential for penetration and accumulation of compounds in tissues and/or organs as well as for inhibition or induction of metabolism. Toxicokinetic studies can be carried out in a variety of fields (food additives, pesticides and biocides, cosmetics, environmental pollutants, occupational and industrial chemicals).